Endocrine Abstracts

Case historyA 27 year-old woman presents with a right 3 cm. papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with lateral cervical lymph node metastasis. Her past history is irrelevant. Treatment consists of total thyroidectomy plus lymphadenectomy of compartments II-III-IV-VI. iPTH and s-Ca concentrations at 24 h were 6 pg/ml and 7 mg/dl respectively. Replacement therapy (calcium + calcitriol) was required for three months (protracted hypoparathyroidism). Pathology r...

Aims: Both functional hypogonadism (FH) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) negatively affect bone mineral density (BMD). We aimed to evaluate changes on bone turnover markers (BTMs) and BMD in obese males with FH and T2D due to testosterone therapy (TTh).Research Design and Methods: 55 obese males with FH and T2D participated in a two-year (first year double-blind, placebo-controlled study, second year follow-up) clinical trial. Participants were randomized into ...

Aims: Testosterone therapy (TTh) has been postulated to increase the risk of prostate adverse events (PAEs) and erythrocytosis, risk further exacerbated in high-risk obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and functional hypogonadism (FH). We investigated safety aspects of TTh in obese males with FH and T2D by observing the incidence of PAEs and erythrocytosis and determining when statistically significant difference from the baseline manifests in hematocrit (Hct) and prosta...

Functional hypogonadism and prevalence of decreased total testosterone level in type 2 diabetic male patientsBackground: Approximately 50 % of older males with obesity and type 2 diabetes, exhibit low total testosterone levels, many also signs of hypogonadism. Functional hypogonadism negatively affects glycemic control, exacerbates early cardio-vascular complications, causes lower bone mineral density, erectile dysfunction, reduces lean body mass, and ac...

Background: The association between testosterone deficiency, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is well established. Male hypogonadism is related to an increase in glycometabolic and cardiometabolic complications.Objective: To evaluate magnitude of effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on testosterone normalization, parameters of the MetS and vascular function and morphology in obese hypogonadal male patients with T2DM.<...

AimsNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as a public health issue worldwide, is highly prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and is linked to obesity, insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia. We aimed to evaluate effects of testosterone therapy (TTh) on morphology and grade of NAFLD in obese men with functional hypogonadism (FH) and T2D.Research design and methods55 obese ...

Hypoparathyroidism is, in Italy, an orphan disease because the hormonal replacement therapy is possible only with teriparatide (fragment 1–34 of of human parathyroid hormone). Otherwise the patients use oral calcium and calcitriol. This scheme of therapy obtained correct plasmatic calcium and phosphate levels, correct urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate, adequate quality of life – QoL only in a little percentage of patients. Especially kidney stones, intra-ren...

Background: Cushing’s syndrome is defined as a hormonal disorder resulting from elevated serum cortisol leading to specific physical and biochemical abnormalities that might be detrimental to life itself. Majority is caused by steroid intake while endogenous sources although representing only a minority of patients often lead to delay in diagnosis. Ectopic ACTH syndrome considered a rare entity are usually found as small cell lung cancer and carcinoid tumors. Rare types o...

The prevalence of antithyroid autoantibodies in pregnant women ranges between 6 and 10%, like in the general population. PPT, a syndrome of transient or permanent thyroid dysfunction occurring in the first year after delivery, is associated with the presence of TPO in gestation. The prevalence varies from 5 to 10%, with higher frequency in patients with DM1. The aim of this study is to estimate TPO frequency during gestation and its relationship with PPT in a group of women wi...

Background: Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder of thyroid gland and is the first cause of hyperthyroidism. Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is the most used second- line treatment after failure of anti-thyroid drugs. The optimal RAI’s activity to be administered may be predetermined or calculated. Whether the latter is better is still a matter of debate.Aim: To compare the risk of persistent hyperthyroidism in GD patients treated wi...